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CONTENTS :

---------------------------------------------------------------

1.	Getting Started 	1
	What is C	2
	Getting Started with C	4
	The C Character Set	5
	Constants, Variables and Keywords	6
	Types of C Constants	7
	Rules for Constructing Integer Constants	8
	Rules for Constructing Real Constants	9
	Rules for Constructing Character Constants	10
	Types of C Variables	11
	Rules for Constructing Variable Names	11
	C Keywords	12
	The First C Program	13
	Compilation and Execution	19
	Receiving Input	21
	C Instructions	23
	Type Declaration Instruction	24
	Arithmetic Instruction	25
	Integer and Float Conversions	29
	Type Conversion in Assignments	30
	Hierarchy of Operations	32
	Associativity of Operators	35
	Control Instructions in C	37
	Summary 	38
	Exercise						 	39
2.	The Decision Control Structure		49
	Decisions! Decisions!	50
	The if Statement 	51
	The Real Thing	55
	Multiple Statements within if	56
	The if-else Statement	58
	Nested if-elses	61
	Forms of if	62
	Use of Logical Operators	64
	The else if Clause	67
	The ! Operator		72
	Hierarchy of Operators Revisited	73
	A Word of Caution	74
	The Conditional Operators	76
	Summary 	78
	Exercise			79
3.	The Loop Control Structure	97
	Loops	98
	The while Loop	99
	Tips and Traps		101
	More Operators	105
	The for Loop	108
	Nesting of Loops	114
	Multiple Initialisations in the for Loop	115
	The Odd Loop		116
	The break Statement	118
	The continue Statement	120
	The do-while Loop	121
	Summary 	123
	Exercise		124
4.	The Case Control Structure 		135
	Decisions Using switch	136
	The Tips and Traps	140
	switch Versus if-else Ladder 	144
	The goto Keyword	145
	Summary 	149
	Exercise		149
5.	Functions & Pointers	155
	What is a Function	156
	Why Use Functions	164
	Passing Values between Functions	165
	Scope Rule of Functions	170
	Calling Convention	170
	One Dicey Issue			172
	Advanced Features of Functions	173
	Return Type of Function		174
	Call by Value and Call by Reference	175
	An Introduction to Pointers	175
	Pointer Notation	176
	Back to Function Calls	182
	Conclusions	186
	Recursion		186
	Recursion and Stack 	191
	Adding Functions to the Library	194
	Summary 	198
	Exercise	198
6.	Data Types Revisited	211
	Integers, long and short	212
	Integers, signed and unsigned		214
	Chars, signed and unsigned	215
	Floats and Doubles		217
	A Few More Issues¿ 	219
	Storage Classes in C	221
	Automatic Storage Class	222
	Register Storage Class	224
	Static Storage Class	226
	External Storage Class	229
	A Few Subtle Issues		232
	Which to Use When	234
	Summary 	235
	Exercise	235
7.	The C Preprocessor	243
	Features of C Preprocessor	244
	Macro Expansion	245
	Macros with Arguments	249
	Macros versus Functions	253
	File Inclusion	254
	Conditional Compilation	256
	#if and #elif Directives	260
	Miscellaneous Directives	261
	#undef Directive	262
	#pragma Directive	262
	The Build Process	265
	Preprocessing	267
	Compilation	267
	Assembling	267
	Linking	269
	Loading	270
	Summary 	271
	Exercise	272
8.	Arrays	277
	What are Arrays	278
	A Simple Program Using Array	280
	More on Arrays		283
	Array Initialization	283
	Bounds Checking	284
	Passing Array Elements to a Function	285
	Pointers and Arrays	287
	Passing an Entire Array to a Function	294
	The Real Thing	295
	Two Dimensional Arrays		297
	Initializing a 2-Dimensional Array	298
	Memory Map of a 2-Dimensional Array	299
	Pointers and 2-Dimensional Arrays	300
	Pointer to an Array	303
	Passing 2-D array to a Function	305
	Array of Pointers	308
	Three Dimensional Array	310
	Summary 	312
	Exercise	312
9.	Puppetting On Strings		335
	What are Strings	336
	More about Strings	337
	Pointers and Strings	342
	Standard Library String Functions	344
	strlen( )		345
	strcpy( )		347
	strcat( ) 	351
	strcmp( )		351
	Two-Dimensional Array of Characters	353
	Array of Pointers to Strings	356
	Limitation of Array of Pointers to Strings	359
	Solution	360
	Summary 	362
	Exercise	362
10.	Structures		371
	Why Use Structures	372
	Declaring a Structure		375
	Accessing Structure Elements		378
	How Structure Elements are Stored	378
	Array of Structures	379
	Additional Features of Structures	382
	Uses of Structures			391
	Summary 	392
	Exercise	393
11.	Console Input/Output	401
	Types of I/O	402
	Console I/O Functions	403
	Formatted Console I/O Functions	404
	sprintf( ) and sscanf( ) Functions	413
	Unformatted Console I/O Functions	414
	Summary 	417
	Exercise	418
12.	File Input/Output	423
	Data Organization 	424
	File Operations 	425
	Opening a File 	426
	Reading from a File 	427
	Trouble in Opening a File 	428
	Closing the File 	430
	Counting Characters, Tabs, Spaces, ¿	430
	A File-copy Program		432
	Writing to a File 	433
	File Opening Modes		433
	String (line) I/O in Files	435
	The Awkward Newline	437
	Record I/O in Files	438
	Text Files and Binary Files	441
	Record I/O Revisited	445
	Database Management	449
	Low Level Disk I/O 	454
	A Low Level File-copy Program 	455
	I/O Under Windows	461
	Summary 	461
	Exercise	462
13.	More Issues In Input/Output	473
	Using argc and argv	474
	Detecting Errors in Reading/Writing	478
	Standard I/O Devices	480
	I/O Redirection 			481
	Redirecting the Output	482
	Redirecting the Input	484
	Both Ways at Once	485
	Summary 	486
	Exercise	486
14.	Operations On Bits 	489
	Bitwise Operators		490
	One¿s Complement Operator		492
	Right Shift Operator 		494
	Left Shift Operator 			496
	Bitwise AND Operator 		501
	Bitwise OR Operator 		506
	Bitwise XOR Operator 		507
	The showbits( ) Function			508
	Hexadecimal Numbering System		509
	Relationship between Binary and Hex	510
	Summary 	512
	Exercise	513
15.	Miscellaneous Features		517
	Enumerated Data Type			518
	Uses of Enumerated Data Type	519
	Are Enums Necessary		522
	Renaming Data Types with typedef 			522
	Typecasting 			 	525
	Bit Fields 			 	526
	Pointers to Functions		 	529
	Functions Returning Pointers	 	531
	Functions with Variable Number of Arguments 	533
	Unions 	 	537
	Union of Structures 	543
	Utility of Unions 					544
	The volatile Qualifier					546
	Summary 	547
	Exercise	547
16.	C Under Windows	551
	Which Windows¿	552
	Integers			553
	Heavy Use of typedef		553
	Size of Pointers			555
	DOS Programming Model	558
	Windows Programming Model	559
	Event Driven Model	563
	Windows Programming, a Closer Look		 	564
	The First Windows Program		 	566
	Hungarian Notation		 	570
	Role of the Message Box				 	570
	Here Comes the window¿		 	571
	More Windows					 	574
	A Real-World Window					576
	Creation and Displaying of Window	578
	Interaction with Window			579
	Reacting to Messages				580
	Program Instances					583
	Summary 	583
	Exercise	584
17.	Graphics Under Windows	587
	Graphics as of Now		588
	Device Independent Drawing				588
	Hello Windows				 	590
	Drawing Shapes				 	594
	Types of Pens				 	598
	Types of Brushes				 	600
	Code and Resources			 	604
	Freehand Drawing, the Paintbrush Style	 	604
	Capturing the Mouse			 	608
	Device Context, a Closer Look		 	609
	Displaying a Bitmap			 	611
	Animation at Work			 	615
	WM_CREATE and OnCreate( )			619
	WM_TIMER and OnTimer( )			619
	A Few More Points¿		 	620
	Windows, the Endless World¿		 	622
	Summary 	622
	Exercise	623
18.	Internet Programming	624
	Network Communication	625
	Packets and Sockets		626
	Before We Start 			627
	Protocols			627
	IP Addresses			629
	Port Numbers			629
	Byte Ordering		631
	Getting Started¿			631
	What¿s The Time Now		634
	Creation of Socket		638
	Sending Data to a Time Server			639
	Receiving Date and Time				640
	Communicating with Whois Server			641
	Give Me the Home Page					645
	Sending and Receiving Emails				647
	Two-Way Communication				659
	Summary							666
	Exercise							666
19.	C Under Linux	669
	What is Linux		670
	C Programming Under Linux			671
	The ¿Hello Linux¿ Program			672
	Processes				 	674
	Parent and Child Processes		675
	More Processes				679
	Zombies and Orphans			681
	One Interesting Fact			683
	Summary							684
	Exercise							685
20.	More Linux Programming	687
	Communication using Signals		688
	Handling Multiple Signals			691
	Registering a Common Handler		693
	Blocking Signals				695
	Event Driven Programming		698
	Where Do You Go From Here		703
	Summary							704
	Exercise							704
Index						731

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